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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： . h+ e1 _8 T1 V" }( j/ K! `
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/ R' B( _" k! Z# ~3 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! _- D! E- ^) O3 d% q8 I4 |- \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 S( u1 a" B" u' x* ?' Imso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ F, c0 K0 m! |9 K2 _mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;3 }, D9 ~0 E/ O- e/ w0 Y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。; B( w. Z, _% V4 [2 }& a6 b
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Q- \# r& c" c( GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。/ V1 ]* Z( X$ K8 N* h9 |- Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 w4 g x9 v2 l! S9 T J2 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" v+ U s7 N) _1 j" [, o [
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* s: w/ I3 h: f) S" [# v* f0 T( u& _ zmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。/ B- \1 V2 ~+ R2 N) M7 _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？" V, G! q$ P8 N2 { C8 g. s9 Y, j- L+ kcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. t/ y+ J6 B4 I$ L4 e0 U$ `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> . v% W) z5 s6 c) E6 `
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/ p* g# y7 f. s% dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服. x2 Z% f Y8 p8 T8 o! U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢 ^# c0 `$ }( vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. x2 ~# [5 D1 x! D ~3 n5 {2 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的6 E/ G* L+ `; @* w( {+ @3 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。- p4 q6 e, }6 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白; g' H) Q! z9 j: K7 M' n3 q9 `& Gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 g& l$ G1 D9 }: F. r0 \( }
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/ z4 q' A0 b3 K. K$ T/ b$ }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学: D0 K# T& ]% c3 t+ i. K* emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么) f. |, n ~. z: x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？9 ^0 z" y8 _( o; c- pmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— B6 H4 S2 f, Y" K7 ~* ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% ^+ C- G# S0 d8 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。7 {! q0 s$ e, c' D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”) f' y8 A! C: t# H- ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# L1 \6 m" T/ E% y2 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; J& L) @; F4 ^' x4 b7 j5 V, J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说" |2 M, b# c. c1 ?2 n6 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"- [# x4 z* U) }" k, Y+ ^+ S/ O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊. B% G' E [! E! p! Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚. O- R: y' r& B; g' f( Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 T& Q! x+ O! u- J# PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！; @0 C; q, l/ X4 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假8 G/ y2 D0 K* f& a; B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是+ r$ U3 B' Y+ I& M6 S U: y
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9 Q3 k% Y# v" c4 D% _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题9 s# z! B9 U, W) k( g( h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。1 c( h P9 P- d p: d- q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴( u" ]3 {6 c, P3 f) Z* Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( i1 g- f5 ?0 g9 S% ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; V& n F1 H9 d$ i) W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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