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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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8 Y/ J3 m3 g- R( R* ~6 C% ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* d; F$ V" _7 t$ W, n( s
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/ u n1 q+ k5 L, t! Y+ a1 J' i+ z! L/ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：, o( l- i1 h7 p% e* \( A
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0 R, @/ |, e. Q* _+ j+ ]; imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。 M0 z4 T# x" i- }8 T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。% L. _( I4 K, ?: M
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# r4 G8 N5 @% k2 o( r5 x8 W4 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经, ]: o$ t/ M1 i/ N' smso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 D3 q5 P/ Z$ l; b
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' W0 T; R, @6 V1 y" vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。, z& E2 F4 w6 i$ o# w; H3 [
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% M* h. | T* J8 W h* Omso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是' |6 {9 E n6 g0 C4 b7 m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？" ?6 y$ f4 k0 j% B0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，6 R' q3 B5 P/ \9 X* E4 [% mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"* h1 ~* @1 j* u# g
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4 f O" Y" h6 U* C9 q A5 u! i7 y( J, omso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐$ M& U2 m( t0 l. _* F+ b0 r8 [5 ~10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 `/ u. T$ e$ [0 ^, {/ d
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! x( v! `2 r- P z9 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种6 p2 D' M' `# ?4 t: m9 A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的. s" G7 r% {* L. b" _) u2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 b: V* f8 ~/ c# ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 n% S6 ^3 G! `; V" K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，% q$ I- F0 J1 t3 D! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 t' X. ?; M6 t/ m( I% u+ Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 W0 ?+ y* w$ Q. Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教& X9 O1 m7 R# w" r: x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。7 t5 Y& O1 u$ K# v3 H9 q* j* g8 G3 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌4 O5 z' T; [$ C$ }1 j# Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">305# d I: T* I7 o- F. }2 O
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* {% i$ A9 k7 z- d" P3 O$ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视- g* _& Q Z2 G+ ]+ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- E+ a; ~4 Y9 a6 [. afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- H7 r! c, D# k6 [$ ]
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗+ I- f( z/ ?0 q! h4 e
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- j/ M, Y: a |3 c: c; S7 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：7 ^$ h1 H/ Z1 S. {# L0 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. v" [8 m: `" \
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0 n f' c0 c3 v" T8 J2 }( Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。+ ?9 v5 l0 {7 a& ^( L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语$ O3 r3 h8 G% T" `1 e5 B* S+ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">•' @7 r2 K% i" A% A( Z7 @- M* l# ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 M4 q9 M" o3 J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）8 d- x4 n# n" {( g7 H+ O+ r+ _' X- rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 {2 x# c9 M V2 d2 q* ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 ]2 J3 A8 ?+ j$ x% u0 o$ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。* F: e$ d: D wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: A: L4 D; a+ ]; F. X1 Y, [6 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- a K7 e; t% [" l3 |1 `& }' n# \3 U
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1 |; A$ X3 f. b: H7 C/ g) Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过/ j. _9 j2 |1 \0 E; ?5 J* }5 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! E% B% S$ `6 S) S
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9 |8 s0 {2 v2 r) o8 W. o/ D# N: STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。5 B3 Z; }& t3 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 q4 U. d' k: F4 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。0 E1 d+ e0 W% Umso-font-kerning:0pt"> + C4 b. d& Q. B4 l K' F# N3 c6 q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。) {0 O) n- q& ~7 C% d omso-font-kerning:0pt">——" o" n6 x1 u l" k9 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 Q: a) X# T& Y8 Y1 g5 g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃8 d/ v7 Z- P8 p0 [! d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”/ C* F# t) @0 M& C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。2 s7 K0 L/ ]* Z" a- K5 D J8 t4 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。) C) a) g* K/ v/ M8 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于9 S# h( ?) S# s3 A9 J( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! D/ L9 M0 Q7 x/ ^8 U! dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 J4 ~+ `, ]( C2 M4 m8 p6 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴% l7 m) Z' h/ S. f0 ?$ W4 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观' j% y8 [6 O G
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 _( [* V3 d" `% G- ^: t6 I* I& d! F8 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨5 f) i1 }/ o6 I( K+ L, w' D( Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ o: j0 w6 x( q( Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( y6 @6 p9 C ~2 z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓5 |, |" r: N; r0 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( l+ r$ r8 S# Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓, G6 ?) C _7 c: o# c
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$ {2 b3 ^; E9 R' V: g/ y& X7 `8 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓 A5 r% ?& [5 V& n1 C) V' Y5 I% n* h
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# B% t8 F* w) w) M/ j1 N9 G
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& y9 R( \. q6 i0 n6 J8 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群+ A" h! O5 u4 ]2 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ \, B( U% {7 r3 k% h0 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓7 P, M4 `+ ^0 N9 n
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ Z% l- C) M% O1 Y% Z8 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨- b' d8 r+ Q$ Y; Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”* C" N# Y: U2 V8 Z* ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 C" `3 ?1 t7 x- g* m5 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼, W& r) V+ v# p+ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( o+ b+ e" k& X+ k& q% {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤$ z9 M' _" ~' u% k5 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- D9 O, U3 [+ K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ M& r" J: ^1 g& O& P6 a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 W+ H' m' Z4 ~# ~6 q( d Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">.: |% D+ l. C& H" [! Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! |3 K4 B& m9 ~3 P) M' H4 E# ~) X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能" N4 u, x" p+ z3 J
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6 J* P i# ?# a" K! p$ B+ C! P) ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒' J7 v7 ^9 a) a& s) p, Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; |4 S4 ]2 H% W; j- J/ w1 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: l1 [( p+ f2 Y/ t0 v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹; P( Y+ n/ J6 J4 u. G$ F
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Y( f6 I0 A# V- T$ |/ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人: V9 p! k% U, B! y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪# @% C7 M% Z6 c6 @# Q; o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。5 @- C, t7 F) x5 r+ n! {
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% w# K/ ~! t8 j2 {% {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。# b+ W5 P+ \4 P4 y5 ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理+ s. r0 d% H# j6 T F1 T0pt"> 3 ^6 [0 a* D7 M; N. _6 X7 [4 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。; a) q( |# m* e' k7 j8 c
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' w9 D g" T+ }* w6 x5 u2 v2 y5 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱2 h4 S- V. D1 i, D \5 |) q5 [mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; N6 Q1 K- Z& G$ q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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