今日下午,《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课,我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块,也期待大家积极参与。这里,老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下:
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8 Y/ J3 m3 g- R( R* ~6 C% ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好,星期一下午有事未到,让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* d; F$ V" _7 t$ W, n( s
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/ u n1 q+ k5 L, t! Y+ a1 J' i+ z! L/ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:, o( l- i1 h7 p% e* \( A
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0 R, @/ |, e. Q* _+ j+ ]; imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。 M0 z4 T# x" i- }8 T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百:《诗经》实有三百零五篇,三百只是举其整数。% L. _( I4 K, ?: M
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# r4 G8 N5 @% k2 o( r5 x8 W4 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">:概括。思无邪:《诗经, ]: o$ t/ M1 i/ N' smso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 D3 q5 P/ Z$ l; b
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8 l! h* j- `( ~3 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">鲁颂7 [5 P! D/ p9 q8 ^+ S" y
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' W0 T; R, @6 V1 y" vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词,孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪:纯正,没有邪念。, z& E2 F4 w6 i$ o# w; H3 [
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% M* h. | T* J8 W h* Omso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇,用一句话来概括它,就是' |6 {9 E n6 g0 C4 b7 m
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8 q2 d ^2 L6 A' |! `, C Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。3 D6 S9 j" `0 @" z( b10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’” 1 ^2 @. j& |( T' O3 J% s% o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:孔子为什么极为重视诗教?" ?6 y$ f4 k0 j% B0pt">
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" i! a, P# R, q) u9 k. P7 M- imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。% g2 @) |0 n8 P! n: kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! P% {( g$ a, C
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4 f O" Y" h6 U* C9 q A5 u! i7 y( J, omso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐$ M& U2 m( t0 l. _* F+ b0 r8 [5 ~10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 `/ u. T$ e$ [0 ^, {/ d
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! x( v! `2 r- P z9 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》),兴于诗,强调诗的教育之重要,所兴的是人的情感。立于礼,礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐,乐教的目的是使这种6 p2 D' M' `# ?4 t: m9 A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的. s" G7 r% {* L. b" _) u2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 b: V* f8 ~/ c# ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 n% S6 ^3 G! `; V" K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等,诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁,孔子认为,就教化的功能而言,% q$ I- F0 J1 t3 D! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 t' X. ?; M6 t/ m( I% u+ Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 W0 ?+ y* w$ Q. Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教& X9 O1 m7 R# w" r: x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集,经孔子删订,收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌4 O5 z' T; [$ C$ }1 j# Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">305# d I: T* I7 o- F. }2 O
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* {% i$ A9 k7 z- d" P3 O$ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视- g* _& Q Z2 G+ ]+ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- E+ a; ~4 Y9 a6 [. afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- H7 r! c, D# k6 [$ ]
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- j/ M, Y: a |3 c: c; S7 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用,他说:7 ^$ h1 H/ Z1 S. {# L0 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. v" [8 m: `" \
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0 n f' c0 c3 v" T8 J2 }( Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗,无以言。+ ?9 v5 l0 {7 a& ^( L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》)8 d- x4 n# n" {( g7 H+ O+ r+ _' X- rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 {2 x# c9 M V2 d2 q* ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 ]2 J3 A8 ?+ j$ x% u0 o$ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗,可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨。迩之事父,远之事君;多识于鸟兽草木之名。* F: e$ d: D wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: A: L4 D; a+ ]; F. X1 Y, [6 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- a K7 e; t% [" l3 |1 `& }' n# \3 U
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1 |; A$ X3 f. b: H7 C/ g) Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》)由此可见,孔子重视《诗经》的教育,一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识,二是通过/ j. _9 j2 |1 \0 E; ?5 J* }5 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! E% B% S$ `6 S) S
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9 |8 s0 {2 v2 r) o8 W. o/ D# N: STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。5 B3 Z; }& t3 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 q4 U. d' k: F4 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解:诗歌三百篇,用一句话来掩盖,就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女,女想男,教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊,就说,人家的思想是很纯洁的。0 E1 d+ e0 W% Umso-font-kerning:0pt"> + C4 b. d& Q. B4 l K' F# N3 c6 q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇,用一句话来掩盖,就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女,女想男,教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊,就说,人家的思想是很纯洁的。) {0 O) n- q& ~7 C% d omso-font-kerning:0pt">——" o" n6 x1 u l" k9 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 Q: a) X# T& Y8 Y1 g5 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品,那时的社会风气是开化的,孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变,是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”/ C* F# t) @0 M& C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑,没关系的。2 s7 K0 L/ ]* Z" a- K5 D J8 t4 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗,可以兴,可以观、可以群,可以怨。) C) a) g* K/ v/ M8 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于9 S# h( ?) S# s3 A9 J( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! D/ L9 M0 Q7 x/ ^8 U! dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观' j% y8 [6 O G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨5 f) i1 }/ o6 I( K+ L, w' D( Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ o: j0 w6 x( q( Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( y6 @6 p9 C ~2 z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓5 |, |" r: N; r0 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( l+ r$ r8 S# Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致,培养想象力;所谓, G6 ?) C _7 c: o# c
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$ {2 b3 ^; E9 R' V: g/ y& X7 `8 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物,提高观察力;所谓 A5 r% ?& [5 V& n1 C) V' Y5 I% n* h
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& y9 R( \. q6 i0 n6 J8 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群+ A" h! O5 u4 ]2 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ \, B( U% {7 r3 k% h0 e
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/ Z% l- C) M% O1 Y% Z8 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨- b' d8 r+ Q$ Y; Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”* C" N# Y: U2 V8 Z* ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 C" `3 ?1 t7 x- g* m5 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗还可以锻炼, W& r) V+ v# p+ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( o+ b+ e" k& X+ k& q% {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤$ z9 M' _" ~' u% k5 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- D9 O, U3 [+ K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">(《论语5 W+ H' m' Z4 ~# ~6 q( d Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">.: |% D+ l. C& H" [! Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! |3 K4 B& m9 ~3 P) M' H4 E# ~) X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》)的胸襟和品格,抒发心中之怨,而又能" N4 u, x" p+ z3 J
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6 J* P i# ?# a" K! p$ B+ C! P) ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒' J7 v7 ^9 a) a& s) p, Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; |4 S4 ]2 H% W; j- J/ w1 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: l1 [( p+ f2 Y/ t0 v
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Y( f6 I0 A# V- T$ |/ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》),恰到好处,合乎中道。总之,学诗可以使人: V9 p! k% U, B! y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪# @% C7 M% Z6 c6 @# Q; o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》),遐思而纯正,宁静而致远。5 @- C, t7 F) x5 r+ n! {
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% w# K/ ~! t8 j2 {% {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊:群呢,就是说物以类聚,大家有共同的审美和爱好,对诗经有雷同的见解,于是呢,就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢,就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物,会生出点点怨气,怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活,从而激发斗志。# b+ W5 P+ \4 P4 y5 ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的,写文章,也需要提高文学素养,如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句,定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则,干巴巴的,没有文彩,读之无味。; a) q( |# m* e' k7 j8 c
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0 c$ F5 g9 q$ _* I+ {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨,是否也指怨刺,有着对社会的不满和抨击,比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等, h1 G, ~. r r4 p. m2 ^' c8 U
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# E+ S$ ?2 p7 y7 e2 CTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英:$ C* y4 H, ~* N E! i* I; @( F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊,大家看看习总的语言风格,文学素养深厚,值得学习。
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