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; n1 T& l0 K; w" a6 T% H! W- zTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网( c) e d8 w5 n. _7 Z0 M& umso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ' Q0 ? l+ s2 q% u1 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。7 M; B5 H7 r9 T: R% \+ h M" dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. |3 Q" m& H# k. r2 V4 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 N' M0 ~4 ~3 v# I2 Y% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">5' H0 ]2 c5 N; _& y( R" ^. kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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0 ]7 {/ I$ s H# |2 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:) F: `3 _( p0 |( k/ ?& Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 _; O+ V1 o, s
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/ ~' G! W4 `7 t5 f5 N) L C& y* }mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:7 k8 H; _5 M" _0 t# f
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2 o* I) h# h2 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。# J- v1 S7 B8 A; Q# rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 J U# F R% Z3 m- Y: J, j
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, t( g* N" b8 I9 D5 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:; v: s2 }- Z4 X+ y# t2 R D( i
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" P. E* {5 K6 R+ D. Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?: E6 h s Y. Y2 E Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”& x- z: I0 g8 d6 t8 nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
) Q1 B! m# c( Y+ t: q( I; ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:. K0 j2 `/ {2 }! a P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。) c0 K, r6 U* s7 T# w
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4 }* F0 q. V! ?6 x. W1 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。% V6 \' j- f8 ? b; Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ n: Z7 ^( T Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:# b& k- c& N4 j( W, t
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: r9 F+ i! T7 L9 C% g) p/ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。1 A D, s% V, h* H
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6 b9 k2 }, `9 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:" ?( m2 N7 Q# ^
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8 u+ k/ [& N, x' |& ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。/ X" m6 d C4 x$ U! z8 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"% v3 _1 L% ~3 d2 o5 M5 B( Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 I# ]# [6 X. Z1 y. n- k! |, ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:- J v" e6 H# h1 F) Q) Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"( r4 w- q, J& m/ r% q0 s, v& l \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 `! y h+ Q: _6 h
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢4 f3 J" E p3 p) m
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r! P$ l" S* b# `) r$ i5 j4 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:9 A9 ^) u& q8 d# _( m, wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 N o" I: A& f
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3 K( k1 }% n; d; c; w3 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。2 w2 J" B5 U8 K, hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是1 `, g+ j$ C2 C2 u# t! Q
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( U: P; I/ a/ A M3 K- ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违% ^4 p) C& |2 Q" y( B. T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得2 H+ J. _% d6 N$ ^) Q5 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, D' r/ X1 M4 ], F& c% v [! {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲! P% Q; L4 O* g- o5 } |
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& N8 y0 g' S. n& h. ]9 }$ p0 x1 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,: {4 _! V( T( J Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ S/ m% t+ G7 J! @9 ?5 T) N: K* jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 U% J% N; U9 L/ B L' F* b8 {, Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。, }! b# E' m1 s1 W- `) Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。; W* z; A- e1 p" F) n* Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。7 C" Z8 i5 @: v# p" ^
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! Y( Z# H3 b1 z! ~2 z0 H4 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地:4 K; }4 P2 }$ t! y! X$ E2 j8 v
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8 }! O( v' c' o9 ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义7 j5 o$ Q) ~0 W) b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!( l) |& G5 `; q: A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。 @ M( g v! L% x' C1 ]* p2 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊0 [& R ~( b4 A, Q# N$ i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。0 c4 b- j) m/ S5 a. G; Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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; e& }( m8 k# b" {2 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。/ s0 D# d4 a G' C1 f& R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。8 m- Y# A6 Q" n; l
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# s5 @+ E2 ~& ?8 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:. @* Q" p' w tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ v; f! V5 }5 w0 n6 F
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4 f' I# e! }* I0 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。* ?# l, u" K" y4 j6 N) W( hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% V& P, d0 P- d, e1 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& z1 q: S3 V, P9 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个' @" {5 f- \9 N' Z# v4 t) Z' V( e! D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为3 W8 Q* R( S5 {% S0 J
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* `2 ^% I/ O# s9 K1 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。$ b* b* h+ `: r7 Y* t' Y! `& W4 f
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2 m/ @4 c' y2 ^0 Q u8 M6 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的- h& z4 ? q5 i- I R. ]1 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ O4 _# v; P& Q2 \. H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思7 C0 U7 I; o6 p# W
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